Semantic Versioning Qu' lIj

^2.4.1 package.json Daq precise legh 'ach caret meaning maintainer rules follow vaj choH. Semantic Versioning (semver) promise wej numbers Daq encoded - publisher 'ej consumer cha' yaj vaj promise Qu'.

wej numbers

semver version MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH ghaH. position Hoch meaning ghaj:

• MAJOR - breaking changes increment. existing correct code Qu'be' laH Dochmey Hoch: removed function, renamed parameter, changed return type, new required config field.
• MINOR - new backward-compatible functionality increment. new optional parameters, new exported functions, new config options (sane defaults).
• PATCH - backward-compatible bug fixes increment. new functionality pagh, behavior change pagh ("broken thing DaH documented rap Qu'").

1.4.2 → 1.5.0 "chu', Qaw' pagh". 1.4.2 → 2.0.0 "upgrade qaSpa' changelog laD". distinction 'oH semver value: tooling 'ej humans upgrade decisions commit Hoch laD pagh.

"breaking" strict

instinct: major bump dramatic rewrites vaD. 'ach semver definition any incompatible API change (Dach):

// v1.2.0
function formatPrice(amountCents) {
  return `$${(amountCents / 100).toFixed(2)}`;
}

// v1.3.0 — adding an optional param is fine, existing callers are unaffected
function formatPrice(amountCents, currency = 'USD') {
  return `${currency} ${(amountCents / 100).toFixed(2)}`;
}

// v2.0.0 — changing the parameter's meaning breaks every existing caller
function formatPrice(amountDollars, currency = 'USD') {
  return `${currency} ${amountDollars.toFixed(2)}`;
}

last change one-line diff, minor legh. 'ach caller cents pass silently wrong output (error pagh) - loud breaking change law' Qagh. major bump (code change Dach 'ach).

public exported function remove, synchronous Promise choH, input types narrow, error messages (callers pattern-match) choH - Hoch breaking changes ("big rewrite" legh pagh 'ach).

version ranges: ^ 'ej ~ nuq promise

npm install range operators package.json Daq ghItlh. semver guarantees legh vaj yaj:

{
  "dependencies": {
    "lodash": "^4.17.21",
    "express": "~4.18.2",
    "left-pad": "1.3.0"
  }
}

• ^4.17.21 (caret) - leftmost non-zero number choHbe' version Hoch accept. 4.17.21 5.0.0 Dung (exclusive) - minor patch updates, majors pagh. npm default 'ej dependencies law' vaD Dun: bug fixes new features automatic, breaking changes explicit action.
• ~4.18.2 (tilde) - patch-level updates neH: 4.18.2 4.19.0 Dung (exclusive). conservative - new features manual.
• 1.3.0 (exact) - updates pagh (package.json edit pagh). dependency semver Qaw' history pagh package-lock.json independent reproducible builds poQ vaj.

caret "leftmost non-zero" rule pre-1.0 packages Daq sharp edge: ^0.4.2 patch updates neH (0.4.x), minor pagh - 1.0.0 qaSpa' cha'DIch number breaking-change position. semver 0.x.y "anything might change anytime" - library stable 1.0.0 qatlh.

own package publish: promise correct

package maintain vaj discipline SoH (users pagh):

1. bump decide release decide qaSpa'. last release vo' diff legh, categorize: breaking change → major. breaking pagh 'ach new features → minor. pagh → patch. version number wa'DIch pagh.
2. npm version lo' (hand edit pagh). package.json update, git tag chenmoH, valid semver strings.

npm version patch   # 1.4.2 -> 1.4.3
npm version minor    # 1.4.2 -> 1.5.0
npm version major    # 1.4.2 -> 2.0.0

1. release Hoch changelog entry ghItlh (commit log neH pagh). "nuq Qaw', nuq chu', nuq fix" - wej sentences Dun. consumer confident upgrade pagh fear pin.
2. remove qaSpa' deprecate. old API deprecated mark (docs, JSDoc, runtime warning) minor release wa' Dung major Daq remove - migration window.

pre-release 'ej build metadata

semver general availability qaSpa' suffixes:

2.0.0-alpha.1
2.0.0-beta.3
2.0.0-rc.1
2.0.0

version qaSpa' sort (2.0.0-rc.1 < 2.0.0). package managers normal range Daq install pagh - npm install mypackage@next pagh exact pre-release. in-progress major early testing ship (^1.x.x consumer accident pagh).

yaj

Semver contract (formality pagh): MAJOR "upgrade qaSpa' laD", MINOR "automatic safe, chu'", PATCH "bug fix neH". package.json range operators dependencies contract honor vaj protect. own packages consumers protect SoH rap vaj.